# Benchmarks

Tigris is highly optimized for storing and retrieving small objects, offering significant performance advantages over other popular object storage solutions.

## Performance Highlights[​](#performance-highlights "Direct link to Performance Highlights")

Benchmarks comparing Tigris with AWS S3 and Cloudflare R2 demonstrate that Tigris consistently delivers higher throughput and lower latency for small object workloads:

* **Sub-10ms** read latency
* **Sub-20ms** write latency
* **4x throughput** compared to AWS S3 for both read and write operations
* **20x throughput** compared to Cloudflare R2 for both read and write operations

## Why Tigris is Fast[​](#why-tigris-is-fast "Direct link to Why Tigris is Fast")

Tigris employs several key strategies to accelerate small object workloads:

* **Inlining Small Objects:** Very small objects are inlined directly within their metadata records, which minimizes the I/O operations required for retrieval.
* **Key Coalescing:** Adjacent keys are coalesced to reduce storage fragmentation and overhead, improving data density and scan efficiency.
* **On-Disk Caching:** Frequently accessed ("hot") items are cached in a high-performance, on-disk cache backed by a Log-Structured Merge-tree (LSM), ensuring rapid access to popular data.

This efficiency allows you to use a single, unified object store for a wide range of object sizes, from very small payloads to large multi-gigabyte blobs, without performance trade-offs.

## Benchmark Sections[​](#benchmark-sections "Direct link to Benchmark Sections")

| Section                                                                  | Description                                     |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- |
| [Performance Metrics](/docs/overview/benchmarks/metrics/.md)             | Detailed methodology and benchmark setup        |
| [Comparison: AWS S3](/docs/overview/benchmarks/aws-s3/.md)               | Head-to-head performance comparison with AWS S3 |
| [Comparison: Cloudflare R2](/docs/overview/benchmarks/cloudflare-r2/.md) | Head-to-head performance comparison with R2     |
| [Model Training on Tigris](/docs/overview/benchmarks/model-training/.md) | ML training with TAG caching proxy on Tigris    |
| [Benchmark Summary](/docs/overview/benchmarks/summary/.md)               | Complete results and conclusions                |

## Reproducibility[​](#reproducibility "Direct link to Reproducibility")

You can run these benchmarks yourself using our [ycsb-benchmarks](https://github.com/tigrisdata-community/ycsb-benchmarks) repository, which contains the full configuration and instructions.